The space behind the sculpture allows walking around to view the sculpture from different angles. Republican Rome embraced imperfection in portraiture because they sought to embrace the individuality of each portrait sitter. Its a fairly complex history actually, as there wasnt just one school of thought regarding Greek and Roman art, and both had their own transformations as time went on. Thutmose (artist) Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. The medium used is marble. Is hyperrealism a style so realistic that it is unrealistically realistic? 42 BC. In the aesthetic parlance of the Late Roman Republic, the physical traits of this portrait image are meant to convey seriousness of mind (, This portrait head, now housed in the Palazzo Torlonia in Rome, Italy, comes from Otricoli (ancient Ocriculum) and dates to the middle of the first century B.C.E. The artist remains unknown, but it was restored by the Italian Vincenzo Pacetti, an eighteenth-century sculptor. This page was last edited on 10 November 2022, at 14:55. CITIES OF ITALY. It would seem, to me, that it would help to produce a more "deadlike" bust. How is verism shown in the father and grandfather? Also shows his adherence to the family tradition. A center of fashion, learning, and commerce, it attracts thrill-seekers, scholars, and fortune hunters. Great attention is placed on wrinkles and creases of flesh around the brow, eyes, and corner mouth. It is a Roman copy of a Greek work of the fourth century B.C. The culture where the sculpture was produced was Roman. View of west side. Meantime, in sepulchral custom, the ancestral bust had become an alternative to the ancestral mask, a development exemplified in a marble statue of a man wearing a toga and carrying two such busts in the Capitoline Museums at Rome; and portrait busts and figures carved on numerous stone and marble grave stelae (slabs or pillars used for . . When did Amerigo Vespucci become an explorer? The gods and goddesses of Greek culture significantly influenced the development of Roman deities and mythology. ___________________________________. Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (6 September 1757 - 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (/ l f i t, l f-/, French: ), was a French aristocrat, freemason and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, commanding American troops in several battles, including the siege of Yorktown. These masks served as a sort of family track record, and could get the descendants positions and perks,[5] similar to a child of two alumni attending their alma mater. These portraits were usually accompanied by a dedicatory inscription. Also, reaching the figures close, The Sculpture Garden is part of the National Gallery of Australia that displays an extensive collection of unique sculptures from Australia and overseas in an outdoor environment. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Denarius. During this period of time, Dionysus, 1. Whom were you trying to . The name of the individual depicted is now unknown, but the portrait is a powerful representation of a male aristocrat with a hooked nose and strong cheekbones. Attention paid to bone structure, particularly with the father. Can I plant a mint plant from supermarket? What function did portrait sculpture such as the Statue of Togato Barberini serve in ancient Rome? Inspiring the modern artist through its grand significance the Sarasvati is truly timeless. How do food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms? painted limestone relief 3-28. What message is the sculptor trying to convey about his subject and how does he do this? Development of the Roman portrait was associated with increased interest in the individual, with the expansion of the social circle portrayed. [Fig. THE BUSTS Both realistic (= Veristic). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER (COLOSSEUM), Gilbert Gorski RESTORED PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE CENTRAL HALL, BASILICA ULPIA. [1] Little is known about this sculpture and who it depicts, but it is speculated to be a representation of the Roman funerary practice of creating death masks.[3]. The palm-tree and that the head of figure is not original. [2][4] This is made more evident due to the toga's finish from behind and the evidence of the restoration of the nose and ears. Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome. Houses at Pompeii Js Elsner (2007). - he holds them close to suggest a special relationship, or special place in his family. This is a patrician carrying portrait busts of two ancestors.The lines of the standing figure's garment, connecting the three heads, gives the composition a sense of unity. Sulla, the son of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the grandson of Publius Cornelius Sulla, was born into a branch of the patrician gens Cornelia, but his family had fallen to an impoverished condition at the time of his birth. Face: Commodus is perfect, smooth and idealised. No beards or moustaches, and incision (not drilling) for the hair. Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors (Barberini Togatus),, https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/items/show/34659. Clark was among the rst of many to describe the growth of wage employment as a wedge driven between the production of things and the reproduction of people.17 Joseph Schumpeter, an historian of economic ideas, warned that the transition to capitalism would undermine family life: As soon as men and women learn the utilitarian lesson and . Neurol Clin Pract December 2013 vol.3 no.6:539-541. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0b013e3182a78f02, Stewart, Andrew F. The Alexander Mosaic: A Reading.. Bust to left prob grandfather (style is appropriate for circa 50BC) the other style circa 40-50BC and likely father. One sculpture that is space equally to one an another, but they all have no cloth on. Only patricians could have ancestor busts thus status symbols. Head of a Roman Patrician from Otricoli, c. 7550 BCE, marble (Palazzo Torlonia, Rome, photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0), Seemingly wrinkled and toothless, with sagging jowls, the face of a Roman aristocrat stares at us across the ages. But they did take liberties. Marble, height 5'5" (1.65 m). The name of the individual depicted is now unknown, but the portrait is a powerful representation of a male aristocrat with a hooked nose and strong cheekbones. Arch of Constantine, Rome. - probably that of his father Yup. They are both held close to indicate the close relationship to the patrician carrying them. Patrician - his head is ancient but it does not belong to the body. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. ", Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew. Bust to left prob grandfather (style is appropriate for circa 50BC) the other style circa 40-50BC and likely father. Direct link to Holman, William's post In the paragraphs, did it, Posted 7 years ago. Augustus, formerly Octavian, was a charismatic leader who began his political career as a young man. Style veristic, a style favored by the patricians of that time. From color we can generate more theories as to the surrounding context of the piece of art at hand. Coms is Antonine baroque/Hellenic. Palm base provides support to statue. Sculptures probably Greek or Easterners. Direct link to Reepicheep's post Is hyperrealism a style s, Posted 8 years ago. Roman portraiture is characterized by its "warts and all" realism; bust of Lucius Caecilius Iucundus, a cast from the original in bronze, found in Pompeii, now in the Naples National Archaeological Museum Roman portraiture was one of the most significant periods in the development of portrait art. Certain people believed that the figures were offensive and pornographic due to them being naked with genitalia on show. Seeing his success as a ruler, subsequent emperors sought to have portraits similar to Caracalla's to suggest that they were on the same level as him, both in terms of military tenacity and authoritarian control. One thing that is for sure is that it was made by an Indian in the 6th century, we know this because, Prior to the 1980s it was believed most Greek sculptures to be porcelain, smooth, white marble material completely void of color. However the material is most likely a more durable one, like bronze or clay. The figure holds a pomegranate in her right hand which is a symbol of Persephone, whose annual return brought the springtime. ", Last edited on 16 December 2022, at 21:44, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Togatus_Barberini&oldid=1127826005, A Roman Patrician with Busts of His Ancestors, This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 21:44. . - warts and all style that was favoured in the Late Republic (b) What does the chief mean when he refers to fighting a war "with tongue and speech"? Museum features a unique collection of more than two thousand works that span the 70-year career of Detroit-based public sculptor Marshall M. Fredericks, nature and energy. Self Portrait of Peter Paul Rubens. The more a family had the longer and more illustrious its family was. Since most emperors from Augustus on were deified, some images are somewhat idealized. Direct link to 2011sixstring's post To add to Jeff's question, Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Llarry Llama's post where did they find this?, Posted 6 years ago. Why are the busts of the patricians made of wax? [5], Pollini, J. O. H. N. "Ritualizing Death in Republican Rome: Memory, Religion, Class Struggle, and the Wax Ancestral Mask Traditions Origin and Influence on Veristic Portraiture. a technique in which black figures are painted on a red clay background, replaced black figure around 480 BCE, can paint detail onto finished vessels, this type of sculpture was Balanced, Ordered, Proportioned, Perfection, and Beauty, this type of sculpture was Individual, Realistic, Interaction with environment, and Emotional. Then select the word below whose meaning is closest to that of the first word. While I was at Laumeier Sculpture Park, I found myself one with nature; I got to walk trails, read about these different sculptures, and loved that never knew what I was about ready to see around the corner with the abundant of unique and very different sculptures. Both stop just below the neck (= sign of Late Republican period). I'm confused. high speed chase sumter sc 2021 . Pat wrinkled. Viewed at the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum (September 5, 2014) 06-19], ARA PACIS AUGUSTAE (ALTAR OF AUGUSTAN PEACE). Which country did the Romans adapt their gods from? The busts were made in the 1st century AD so that various family members could have them in their houses. These faces share a striking family resemblance, and the stylistic difference reproduced in the two distinct bust formats reveals that these men lived in successive generations. Reconstructed bust of Marcus Aurelius, ca. On the first day of the melancholy journey, the latter . Single copies (print, photocopy, download) are permitted for personal study, research and teaching. Little is known about this sculpture and who it depicts, but it is speculated to be a representation of the Roman funerary practice of creating death masks. [4] Using near-identical geometric forms to represent their likenesses was the easiest way to show their equality and common will. In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is most nearly the same in meaning as the 75-50 BCE cuirass overall height with base 125' (38 m); column alone. It is clear to recognize the sculpture as Venus from the front side, however, when standing really close to the backside or the side face of the sculpture, the image of Venus is really vague. Akhenaten and his family. . With the sculptures being constantly moved to different locations, they were granted permission to be permanently positioned at Crosby beach in 2005, despite some objections. Wrinkles and creases are shown. The busts were made in the 1st century AD so that various family members could have them in their houses. Marble would have been chosen for the copies because the originals could be easily reproduced in marble (by the pointing process). Showed that it could be a happy, pleasurable time. Eyes lacking carved pupils and iris, these details would have been painted on later. Who was responsible for determining guilt in a trial by ordeal? This portrait head, now housed in the Palazzo Torlonia in Rome, Italy, comes from Otricoli (ancient Ocriculum) and dates to the middle of the first century B.C.E. Portraiture in Republican Rome was a way of establishing societal legitimacy and achieving status through one's family and background. Mastering all the usages of 'giving the appearance' from sentence examples published by news publications. [1] Several images and statues made in marble and bronze have survived in small numbers. Two portrait busts of old men, representing ancestors. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Patrician carrying portrait busts of two ancestors Rome, Italy. This portrait head, now housed in the Palazzo Torlonia in Rome, Italy, comes from Otricoli (ancient Ocriculum) and dates to the middle of the first century B.C.E. Read Pedley, 103-145. 3 What were the portraits of Roman patricians during the late Republic made of? Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors (Barberini Togatus). Two portrait busts of old men, representing ancestors. -located on the field of Mars 1 What does the Barberini Togatus patrician carrying two portrait busts of his ancestors reveal about Roman families? How widely accepted is it? This sculpture seems to be abstract, since we are taking the form of what it looks like to create a meaning, which can be something different in other peoples eyes. MCMVII: J. M. DENT & CO.29 & 30 . 1st century BCE Roman Republic. Busts indicate the importance of Roman ancestor worship. ", Esdaile, Katharine A. Wax because it was the patrician practise (according to Pliny the Elder) of making death masks for funerals and display in the family home. ", The metope sculpture of the Lapith and Centaur illustrates the Greek belief in the triumph of. - 445 LETTERS AND VERSES OF ARTHUR PENRHYN STANLEY, D.D. Both busts close to body, symbolising special potion in family. So they were in effect a status symbol which any new comer to the patrician class would have lacked. Uploaded on Feb 19, 2014 Tertius Aric + Follow wax busts first century ad first half partician carrying busts family tree veristic style Caracalla borrowed the precedent Alexander set; the piercing gaze. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. Late 1st century BCE. -turning point in Roman history from Roman Republic to Roman Empire Its sculpted on black stone. On the line provided, write SSS for sentence or FFF for fragment. What characterizes the decoration of Old Palace period Kamares ware? Marble, height 5'5" (1.65 m). The head of the patrician/main figure. Due to Romes geographic position, its citizens experienced frequent contact with the Greek peoples, who had expanded their territories into the Italian peninsula and Sicily. Palazzo de Conservatori, Rome. The intense sculptural execution of this piece in particular reflects a shift toward more geometric renderings of the human face to better convey messages to the public, often strong implications of power and authority to keep peace in the Roman Empire. What period does the sculpture belong to? The Etruscan Roman portrait sculpture of the "Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors" is a life-size marble statue that was dated to the period of the Emperor Augustus somewhere at the end of the 1st century BCE or the beginning of the 1st century CE, reflecting the practices that have originated from the past by Polybius. I chose to go to Laumeier Sculpture Park, because I have never been there and to be honest never even heard of the place till this assignment gave me the option to visit for my paper. [Fig. The contrapposto pose brought more life and energy to the sculptures than the previous Archaic Greek sculptures. Busts indicate the importance of Roman ancestor worship. Deified leadersDivus JuliusDivus AugustusRelated topicsGlossary of ancient Roman religionRoman mythologyAncient Greek religionEtruscan His toga represents that he is a Roman citizen. wordlist = ['!', '$.027', '$.03', '$.054/mbf', '$.07', '$.07/cwt', '$.076', '$.09', '$.10-a-minute', '$.105', '$.12', '$.30', '$.30/mbf', '$.50', '$.65', '$.75', '$. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 1st cent. Roman funerary art includes many portraits such as married couple funerary reliefs, which were most often made for wealthy freedmen rather than the patrician elite. Dividing the landscape into four different parts as Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, four seasons, interest in plant materials can be maintained throughout the year. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. "TOMB OF POPE PAUL III FARNESE. 06-68]. A typical work might be one like the standing figure "A Roman Patrician with Busts of His Ancestors" (c. 30 B.C.).[2]. Lecture VII - THE ROMAN EMPIRE [Autosaved].pdf, ARTH 103 Ch 5 Art of Ancient Greece Fall 2015 v 2, State the null and alternative hypothesis you want to test H0 The variables trip, 12 Identifying interstate pathways Over the last decade schools in the non, Negatively Accepted Majority of respondents disagree and strongly disagree it 9, The scores of a group of 15 students are given below What is the range of the, x 2 13 10 16 A x 5 2 B x 5 2 C x 1 D x 1 Solve 17 1 2 y 6 3 7 17 A y 7 B y 26 C, A Enthalpy B Entropy C Heat capacity D Molar heat 93 Entropy is measured in A, e du ca tion 4 am bu lance 4 pre pos te rous 5 in va lid 5 math e ma tics 6 com, 87 Everyone is so quiet Whats wrong 102 88 When I walked into my class today, later stages of life as they develop loyalty to the brand and a higher need of, Established on 14th October 2003 under the IRDA Act 1999 Composition It, Swing to squat 16 Combining two moves gets your heart pumping and helps to torch, The electrons in the outer energy level of an atom are called a unpaired, 146 CLIFTON ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 (2)_2.pdf, 4528_CoursesOutline-NBrendaOrazietti-Dec19-W2023.docx, Healthcare Management Article Analysis Assignment(3).docx. This in many ways changes the entire environment and perspective of the sculpture all together. BCE. -27 BCE Octavian is named Augustus Caesar and becomes Princeps First Citizen Answer: brain\underline{\text{{brain}}}brain and heart\underline{\text{{heart}}}heart. And did it mention what tools they used to construct it? Early Classical Greek sculptures of the human body are asymmetrical. his left hand is free of any support which suggests the busts are supposed to be imagined that they are made from wax and not marble. The statue is in done in veristic style. What characterizes the architecture of Minoan Old Palace period? . 4 with teks rte Hattt aii Sri teeet are rhe eee tarts erect aoe et erste sisy ~ - Sh tate Ss whet att rag heey es 3-4 SS pebers > = TSG oo '3 by wr ern 31 aMeqiys: tapers ete Siena - Sh tate Ss whet att rag heey es 3-4 SS pebers > = TSG oo Presumably the busts carried by this patrician were likewise only blocked out until they could be carved with the faces of the commissioners ancestors. Left hand bust - style of c.50BC. How do these word choices enhance the impact of the text? ca. PATRICIAN CARRYING PORTRAIT BUSTS OF TWO ANCESTORS (KNOWN AS THE BARBERINI TOGATUS) End of 1st century BCEor beginning of 1st century CE. rance allen family photos; . Direct link to Jeffrey A. Becker's post yes, the portrait is scul, Posted 5 years ago. Realistic style was a Greek style, not Roman or Italian. Justice. The sculpture is a dark black shade, Details of the museum permanent collection of sculptures of the 70-year career of Detroit-based public sculptor Marshall M. Fredericks (1908-1998) Only patricians could have ancestor busts thus status symbols. American Numismatic Society, New York. 312-315 CE Column of Trajan, Rome. Wax because it was the patrician practise (according to Pliny the Elder) of making death masks for funerals and display in the family home. An Archive of Our Own, a project of the Organization for Transformative Works - his right hand rests upon a palm tree trunk (for support). significance of Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors. significance of Lapith Fighting a Centaur. By holding them close to the patrician, the artist is expressing their connection and value to the main figure, making the statement that he, like his forefathers (who at the time may have been known and regard as powerful figures) is powerful. Miguel Angel . An example and truthfully the only solid piece of evidence, Change and Growth This sculpture was made by Jack Holme. Late 1st century CE.. Patrician's nose is large. Height above river 160' (49 m), width of road bed on lower arcade 20' (6 m). One original ancient Republican coin of: P Clodius Denarius. (c) awe-inspiring. Direct link to Oliver Olson's post What were the functions o, Posted 2 years ago. 1 2 high. It shows off the strength of both of them. Richard is widely known for his colossal conceptual steel made sculptures, which grasps the attention of viewers to occupy sheer size characters of the exertion and their state. Peter Paul Rubens was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. Marble, originally colored, height 6'8" (2.03 m). . The abstraction of human form made for a clearer understanding of the expectations Roman Tetrarchs had for their subjects and how Roman citizens expected the Tetrarchs to rule. 8 Why was marble used for the busts of patricians? -site mentioned by ancient writers as the location of the assassination, -assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors, Barberini Togatus Palozzo de Conservatori, Rome. What style is used in this sculpture? Middle-Aged Flavian Woman. It does not store any personal data. Rome, Italy Fall, 2013. marble 6-19. As the first society to focus on nude subjects, Greek sculptors attempted to "depict man in what they believed was the image of the gods and so would come to celebrate the body by striving for verisimilitude or true likeness (realism and naturalism!). The sculpture demonstrates the early features of the Roman republican that was to have notable consequences in sculpture. You seem to have enjoyed yourself. Which part of the statue is not original? 5.0. -Octavian (nephew of Julius Caesar) takes revenge on Brutus and Cassius (principal assassins) and eliminates Mark Antony and Cleopatra Hair: Com perfectly groomed whilst Pat is balding. While walking through downtown Naperville, I saw many different sculptures but the one that caught my attention was the Change and Growth sculpture. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". ARTHUR SYMONS. 06-14] DENARIUS WITH PORTRAIT OF JULIUS CAESAR 44 BCE. Other still believe the prominent figure to be that of Julius Caesar,[2] while many simply claim that the figure is an unknown Roman senator. This facilitated more and more geometric, less idealized figural representations of leaders to constantly emphasize the ruler's strength and image.[4]. ______ In North America live the brown bear, the grizzly bear, and the American black bear. from New Yorker: Ankh spawned two sequels: Ankh: Heart of Osiris and Ankh: Battle of the Gods. 80 BCE verism Ancient Rome, Portrait of a Roman General, Republican, ca. The information of medicine and health contained in the site are of a general nature and purpose which is purely informative and for this reason may not replace in any case, the council of a doctor or a qualified entity legally to the profession. - drapery also shown in Veristic style because it hangs with irregular folds. This shows how the ruler wanted to be remembered and also shows how artwork was used to show power and express authority. It shows the ancestrual. Veristic. All the information in our site are given for nonprofit educational purposes. 1 2" high. Roman portraiture of the Imperial period includes works created throughout the provinces, often combining Greek, Roman, and local traditions, as with the Fayum mummy portraits. It was released to the public in 1960, and has been favorite ever sense. 1996. At only 18, he became the adopted heir of Julius Caesar. Two portrait busts of old men, representing ancestors. Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors Augustus of Primaporta Cycladic, 2600 BCE, marble culture, time, and material of figure of a woman Minoan, 1550 BCE, Serpentine culture, time, and material of Bull's Head Rhyton Minoan, 1700 BCE, gold culture, time, and material of Pendant of Gold Bees Cycladic, 1630 BCE, Fresco Patrician Carrying Portrait Busts of Two Ancestors (Barberini Togatus) Allegory of Earth and Water, Ara Pacis; Aeneas Offering Sacrifice, Detail, Ara Pacis; Animal Head Sculpture; Pyramid of the Sun; Pyramid of the Moon; Murals, Room One, Bonampak; Ethiopians right and above center tympanum, St Magdalen The artist's name is not known because of how aged the art piece is. Hat, tie, overcoat, nose. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Life sized statue - carrying two busts of old men Denzel Washington as a Jamaican police officer This type of portraiture sought to show what mattered to the Romans; powerful character valued above appearances. xvii, 411. What objects is he carrying and what are their significance? [1] From this small bit of information, many theories have risen in speculation of the true identity of the center figure, but little evidence has been provided to back up many of these claims and as such they remain only theories. The veristic style, perhaps derived from Greece rather than Rome or Italy, used graphic depictions of the effect of old age to emphaise experience and authority of the patrician. Direct link to David Alexander's post I'm confused. Does a declarative sentence have a subject? First Roman sculpture. It also portrayed the identity and style of the artist, significance of Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game. The more a family had the longer and more illustrious its family was. Form: The Head of a Roman Patrician is a sharp representation of a hooked nose and strong cheekbones of a male aristocrat. Togatus Barberini is a Roman marble sculpture from around the first-century AD[1] that depicts a full-body figure, referred to as a togatus, holding the heads of deceased ancestors in either hand. There are bags under patrician's eyes. The three concept vocabulary words from the text. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. RARE ANCIENT ROMAN silver coin P Clodius Denarius 42 BC Apollo Lyre/Diana Torch - $88.44. Pats hair chiseled, Com is drilled. Patrician and left head balding. 325-326, Marble, height of head 8'6" (2.6 m). One of them being Jean Arp, the sculpture of the Classical Sculpture. This art piece is the Subject of the paper, and is located in the Dallas Museum of Art. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. Richard is currently 76 years old, and still continues his art projects and sculptures. Pat holds real objects, ancestors. PATRICIAN CARRYING PORTRAIT BUSTS OF TWO ANCESTORS (KNOWN AS THE BARBERINI, Marble, height 5'5" (1.65 m). BAR When was the Patrician carrying busts made? We do have marble busts of Cleopatra that survive she wouldn't be considered beautiful in a conventional sense by todays standard. Skin is stretched over bones to reveal their structure. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Veristic style used - Wrinkles and creases shown - especially on the brow Palazzo de Conservatori, Rome. The sculpture is a life-size statue with a dimension of 165 cm an approximate of 5.4 ft. Unlike the ancient Greek portraits that strived for idealization (the Greeks believed that a good man must be beautiful), Roman portrait sculpture was far more natural and is still considered one of the most realistic samples of the genre in the history of art. Such an honor was provided by the decision of the Senate, usually in commemoration of victories, triumphs and political achievements. Patrician carrying portrait busts of two ancestors. Only patricians had the right to have portrait images of their ancestors. - they stop just below the neck which is a form from the Late Republican period. They also believed that they were a safety hazard due to it being difficult to differ between a human and a sculpture in low lighting. Patrician refers to a group of elite families that comprised of both adopted and natural members in the ancient Rome (Cornell). Hellenistic Greek style and leadership expectations carried over into Roman leadership portraiture. Marble, approx. Religious Architecture chapter 7-8Discuss two examples of religious architecture by two different religions. Also the round arch was very significant for the future use of the passageway.