hydroquinone solubility in glycerin hydroquinone solubility in glycerin

Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. trailer << /Size 393 /Info 347 0 R /Root 375 0 R /Prev 573815 /ID[<6893db2526a970a0c364cca2e99ca522>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 375 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 346 0 R /Metadata 348 0 R >> endobj 391 0 obj << /S 2217 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 392 0 R >> stream Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. Other adverse effects Phase B: Dissolve the ferulic acid in the glycerin - some "spirited" stirring may be necessary. 77, No. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. International Journal of Thermophysics Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. 109. Please sign in to view account pricing and product availability. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. Since hydroquinone has a tendency to discolor through oxidation, these antioxidants are used because they have greater tendencies to oxidize than hydroquinone. COMMON BRAND NAME (S): Aclaro, Aclaro PD, Alera, Alphaquin HP, Alustra, Claripel, Complex B . 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. GHS H Statement: Causes serious eye damage.Suspected of causing genetic defects.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.Harmful if swallowed.Very toxic to aquatic life. Hydroquinone occurs as fine, white needles. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. Anal. Preferably, the protected retinoid, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), is in the form of small beads or spheres suitable for incorporation into a topical composition. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. J. Chem. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. 0000005757 00000 n 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. Azelaic acid (AzA) is a organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH 2) 7 COOH. J. 0000002379 00000 n "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. uuid:3780f5dc-b322-4e29-9b1d-4c4d10b1e282 I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone, process which is reversible. How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. While the hydroquinone is effective for the pigmentation disorder treatment, retinoid is used for its skin treatment benefits. Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. This composition is color stabilized and cosmetically elegant. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. Natural antioxidants could replace hydroquinone derivatives used in industry. I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. Data 53, 12781282 (2008), A. Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. 0000003660 00000 n Thank you for your inquiry and interest in ChemPoint. G(DC:!c?5w [QDP, f\01j&8ea]Ke~z d _5H^j0M.|Y^bYb[Rm~-[ImSv. ;4kNNw?r yn^EOwCDyd>_?TU^vyss*|g9A1 avr 2o~molpb|CZTu(70 CKRu)(5O_^6|Qta', uG70]'vt|n3Xh[vMTc.{o0Y#(O5\/mGfI+L0~1E1~hi:ZY_W6n*EaSn*R+I)Pw|y\^/te;yO. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. HYDROQUINONE (hahy droh kwi NOHN) is applied to the the skin to lighten areas that have darkened. Eng. Found. application/pdf Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. With respect to organic solvents, the solubility varies from 57% in ethanol to less than 0.1% in benzene. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 Solubility of Hydroquinone. The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. 1401417, Country of ref document: Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. 0000003430 00000 n We have discovered that a hydroquinone composition (with about 1 to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably with about 2% to about 10%, more preferably with about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, most preferably with about 3% to about 4% hydroquinone) with preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, can include cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate as an antioxidant and the color destabilization problems are appreciably less as compared to hydroquinone compositions without such a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters in the neutral pH range: preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. PubMedGoogle Scholar. It is a reducing agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed at 5C and 40C for certain percentages of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at specific pHs. You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. Get medical attention. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. 0000053439 00000 n Hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel-Crafts reactions such as alkylation. As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. Eng. 0000004433 00000 n 0000000807 00000 n 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 J. Pharm. Hydroquinone is extensively used as a photographic developer, an antioxidant, and a stabilizing agent for readily oxidizable polymers. I can't use water because I cannot dissolve enough Hydroquinone into it to reach the desired concentration. Eng. Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. The experimental solubilities were correlated using two regression equations. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. D7VJV//KZ&t}JSW/L@,l@^ D@ @8 i W `^;V rD}25p>.Bv1}\_E p9 endstream endobj 392 0 obj 1303 endobj 376 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 350 0 R /Resources 377 0 R /Contents 381 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 377 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 379 0 R /TT4 383 0 R /TT6 385 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 387 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 378 0 R >> >> endobj 378 0 obj [ /ICCBased 386 0 R ] endobj 379 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 252 /Widths [ 250 0 408 500 0 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 576 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 500 444 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 444 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 380 0 R >> endobj 380 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 388 0 R >> endobj 381 0 obj << /Length 462 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. Privacy Policy. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. 0000002544 00000 n [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. fungichromin, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Free format text: Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. The color stability of the hydroquinone composition is promoted by one or more antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization. NR 1L~tyj|ZZ3]jFlszH#bd]="nVj =rBF-=Y?Pe 3(\[3;wR-+7Fn ~pSQ(Rpiw^zYr''t@\vobE]u'C}io0q;^k5C@|zZNNA>,XOrztV;qO*w:MC$OI\_$Io 'v [ Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. Hydroquinone is a white, odorless, crystalline solid with an extremely low vapor pressure. protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. HVoLg~Z+ Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are evident from a review of the following claims. %PDF-1.4 % I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. 1 Solubility data for compounds that ordinarily are liquids at 25 are expressed in terms of the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solvent; i.e., 1 mL dissolved in mL of solvent. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. The method of item 1 07 wherein the hydroquinone is present in about 4%. Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), are beneficial for improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. . The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. Color stability improvement is evident at all levels. This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution. n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. Res. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Although about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite without magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may not color stabilize an about 4% hydroquinone composition, and about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate without sodium metabisulfite may not either, the combination of sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in these percentages is effective to stabilize the color of the about 1% to about 12%, about 2% to about 10%, preferably about 2% to about 8% and more preferably about 3% to about 4% and most preferably 4% hydroquinone composition. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions are more likely to excessively discolor and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate helps to stabilize the color, by preventing the brownish black discoloration and maintaining an amber color. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. Exceptional antioxidant qualities are seen at 0.10% (all percentages in the application are weight percent) and above, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% for sodium metabisulfite. Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. 0000002585 00000 n Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. Examples of suitable methods of encapsulation include encapsulation by liposomes, wax, paraffin or any material or combination of materials which protect the retinoid from exposure to oxygen and inhibit oxidation of the retinoid from oxidation. 230, 176183 (2005), A. Apelblat, E. Manzurola, N. A. Balal, J. Chem. The process of making a stable hydroquinone composition having a pH of about 5.5 to about 8.0 comprising: combining the following ingredients, in a carbon dioxide atmosphere: first, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium metabisulfite, then, third, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, then, Application filed by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp, [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O*, OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, 3-aminopropyl [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] hydrogen phosphate, NCCCOP(O)(=O)OC1=C(O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)OC1=O, OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, trisodium;[(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2-oxido-4-oxofuran-3-yl] phosphate, [Na+].[Na+]. The drug is freely soluble in water and in alcohol. Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb Heat Mass Transf. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. Adobe Acrobat 10.1.6 Paper Capture Plug-in Eastman Hydroquinone, USP Grade is for skin-lightening products to address hyperpigmentation. Gerhard Franz, Roger A. Sheldon "Oxidation" in. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN. While patients suffer from pigmentation disorders, they may also suffer from other skin disorders and signs of aging, including but not limited to rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. P, Kind code of ref document: Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. I made my own hydroquinone 4% and added it to my cream. Availability. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform.