She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . West Yorkshire, When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). to answer the Section Focus Question: - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. - rebelling of scottish lords. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Company Reg no: 04489574. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Elizabeth I: a biography. From there we will look at the career . There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Overview of Elizabeth I / Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Boston House, Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Spouse: None. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. The invasion failed, however. Register for free, Home / How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Boston House, Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. 214 High Street, This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial.
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